About the article
E.A. Evstifeeva
The article proposes to consider pain and suffering as the sources of empathy and emotional burnout. Attention is drawn to the existential experience of suffering, which does not provide an answer to the question of the meaning of human life and which is supplemented by the moral suffering of a person when he turns to metaphysical questions about the meaning of existence. (M.K. Mamardashvili). The etymology of the word "pain", which was conceptualized in the Enlightenment, is revealed. The multiple semantics of pain in philosophical discourse is analyzed. Such essential features as paradoxicality, constants and access codes to human life are considered. In the historical and philosophical retrospective (Aristotle, the Stoics, Thomas Aquinas, M. Montaigne, I. Kant) pain as a bodily, physical act was compared with suffering as a mental, psychic state. In modern philosophical discourse, suffering is also generated by the physical and mental state of a person. The ontological projection of pain as being-in-pain is analyzed, reflections on the existential experience of pain are presented. It is argued that in the social ontology of pain for an individual, the problem is the possibility of its "privatization", and in psychological ontology, the "anaesthesia" of pain is revealed as a problem of its neuroticization, psychiatristization, and social adaptation. In the latest medical discourse, the interpretation of pain does not exclude its psychic source.
suffering, pain, ontology of pain, existential experience of pain, philosophical and medical discourses on pain and suffering.