Issue № 2(33) Vestnik of Tver State Technical University. Series «Social Sciences and Humanities»

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• A.P. CHEKHOV AND THE «PLACE OF UNBEARABLE SUFFERING»
  Authors: O.M. Krizhovetskaya
  Abstract: The article is devoted to the journey of A.P. Chekhov to the island of Sakhalin in order to study and describe in detail the place of hard labor as an integral part of the life of Tsarist Russia. There is a special perception by Chekhov of his mission as a citizen, ascetic and humanist.
  Keywords: A.P. Chekhov, Sakhalin Island, humanism, asceticism, Russian literature, essay prose.

• I. BERLIN: PHILOSOPHY AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORY
  Authors: V.P. Potamskaya
  Abstract: The article deals with I. Berlin's early philosophical views who was one of the most famous representatives of intellectual history and political theory. It is pointed out that the task of philosophy is to study and reassess the validity of moral ideals, to study the categories through which a person looks at reality, and intellectual history is aimed at achieving self-understanding, what Berlin calls the highest human need, allowing to identify and characterize models of human nature and society.
  Keywords: intellectual history, idea, subject of philosophy, pluralism.

• Q. SKINNER: INTELLECTUAL HISTORY AND ITS METHOD
  Authors: V.P. Potamskaya
  Abstract: Abstract. The article deals with the Q. Skinner’s conception, who is one of the most famous representatives of the intellectual history of the Cambridge School. Skinner's contextualism is expressed in the notion that texts can only be correctly understood and interpreted when placed in an appropriate intellectual context, which, in turn, can only be understood from the standpoint of the available language. It is pointed out that true historical consists in studying the aspirations and intentions of the author by the means of the analysis of the linguistic context.
  Keywords: intellectual history, contextualism, political theory, speech act.

• ATTRIBUTES OF THE REVOLUTIONARY SITUATION OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
  Authors: K.V. Smirnova, M.I. Miheev
  Abstract: The article considers both evolutionary and revolutionary aspects of the development of communicative interaction. Historically important aspects of technological changes that expand the possibilities of presenting and transmitting information are revealed. The importance of information flows in intellectual, economic, managerial and other spheres, as well as in the field of data popularization, is displayed. The value of primary communicative practices that laid the foundation for the existence of a modern information society is actualized.
  Keywords: communication, information flows, feedback, data processing, internet, public consciousness.

• ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC COMPONENT OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF METAPROCESSES OF DIGITALIZATION AND MEDIATIZATION
  Authors: V.Yu. Tatarov
  Abstract: The article presents the results of the historical and theoretical analysis of the ontological and epistemological component of the philosophical foundations of the digital society. The philosophical prerequisites for digitalization and mediatization, the two metaprocesses underlying digital society, are formed in the Modern Era, but are rooted in the philosophical traditions of Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The main subject of the study was the rethinking in the Modern European Philosophy of the ancient conceptual oppositions of natural and artificial, science and technology, physics and mechanics, natural science and mathematics. Due to the revolutionary transformations associated with the names of G. Galileo and R. Descartes, these oppositions were overcome in the 17th century, which led to the emergence of experimental-mathematical natural science. The result of the analysis was the conclusion about the shift in the philosophy of Modern Era of research emphasis from ontological problems to the problems of subject-object epistemology. The basic principles of the philosophical foundations of the digital society were identified and formulated.
  Keywords: philosophical foundations, digital society, mathematization of natural science, mathematical model, construction of reality.

• CERTAIN POINTS OF CARL SCHMITT'S DOCTRINE OF DEMOCRACY
  Authors: O.I. Tumanova
  Abstract: . In the article certain provisions of the doctrine of democracy by German political philosopher Carl Schmitt are considered. Considering democracy as a form of organization of state power, the necessary condition for its existence is equality, which can be ensured by a certain homogeneity of the people.
  Keywords: democracy, equality, people, democratic homogeneity, state.

• HUMAN AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES: CHALLENGES AND THEIR SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
  Authors: L.V. Udalova
  Abstract: The article discusses the impact of new technologies on man and society in the 21st century, which provide for the transformation of not only society, but also the man himself and his life. To determine the social consequences of the introduction of new technologies in the field of human improvement, the economic factor is considered as one of the current trends of our time, where a person and his life itself turn out to be the most expensive and sought-after capital. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the use of new technologies carries contradictory trends, that along with positive trends, there are certain challenges and risks. The situation caused by the development and application of new technologies requires the choice of a path and the solution of issues related to moral and ethical regulators and existential values.
  Keywords: human, society, new technologies, medicalization, NBICS-technologies, human improvement, health, challenges, risks, life.

• PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERS
  Authors: E.V. Balakshina
  Abstract: The article analyzes the problem of professional development of a person. Special attention is paid to the period of vocational training in a higher educational institution. It is noted that it is important to determine the psychological components of the phenomenon we are studying in order to build an adequate plan for the applied part of the work. A brief description of the most famous theories, concepts, approaches of foreign and domestic scientists is given. The primary data of psychodiagnostic examination of the motivational component of the professional formation of technical students are presented, and a conclusion is drawn up.
  Keywords: profession, professional motivation, professional development, professional role, subject of work.

• PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONALLY SIGNIFICANT QUALITIES AT THE STAGE OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING
  Authors: E.V. Balakshina
  Abstract: The article discusses the problem of forming a structure of professionally important qualities of a future specialist. Special attention is paid to the period of study at a higher educational institution. Psychological factors of the success of this process (knowledge, skills, skills, psychological indicators) are noted. A description of the category we are studying is given, as well as brief results of theoretical analysis on the topic of interest. The stage of the process of formation of a special pattern of criteria ensuring a confident entry into the working environment is indicated.
  Keywords: qualification, profession, professional education, professional-important qualities, professional formation, specialist.

• EVERYDAY PRACTICES OF USING THE INTERNET BY THE POPULATION OF THE TVER REGION: RESEARCH RESULTS
  Authors: A.V. Vaisburg
  Abstract: The current trends in the development of the domestic Internet audience are described. The article analyzes the results of research of Internet consumers in Russia, implemented by private companies, as well as applied sociological research conducted with the assistance of the Public Chamber of the Tver Region in 2022 and dedicated to clarifying the role of this network in improving civil society and dialogue between the population and the authorities. Two categories of citizens of the Tver Region are described: those who do not use the Internet and those who use it in their daily practices. The data on the main devices for accessing the Network, the frequency of their use and the duration of spending time on the Internet are given. The main objectives of the Internet 3xploitation by the population and the key sources of information from the Network are identified.
  Keywords: Network, Internet, users, digitalization, the population, Tver region.

• PERSONAL FACTORS DETERMINING THE FORMATION OF A STATE OF LONELINESS IN ADOLESCENTS
  Authors: O.F. Gefele
  Abstract: The article emphasizes the importance of studying the problem of loneliness that occurs in adolescence. It is indicated that people of this age group, unlike other groups, are sensitive to the experience of loneliness, as they are characterized by psychological insecurity, lack of formation of the emotional sphere, maladaptation, which can eventually lead to dangerous consequences. A brief theoretical analysis of the manifestations of loneliness in adolescents is carried out. The importance of personal factors in the formation of feelings of loneliness is emphasized. Attention is focused on the self-concept as a system-forming personal factor in the development of loneliness in children at this age. Based on the analysis, the phenomenon of loneliness in adolescence is interpreted as a model of cognitive dissonance. Psychocorrective measures are considered as a tool for the formation of coping with the feeling of loneliness. At the same time, the need for the formation of management skills and abilities in adolescents is emphasized.
  Keywords: loneliness, personality factors, adolescence, mental states, self-concept.

• SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF STUDENT ADAPTATION
  Authors: S.I. Filippchenkova, V.F. Martyushov
  Abstract: The article deals with the problem of socio-psychological adaptation of university students. Special attention is paid to the initial stage of training. A number of conditions of educational activity and the educational environment that have a direct impact on the adaptive capabilities of the student contingent are indicated. The factors that determine the positive or negative course of the process we are studying are given. The psychological mechanisms of personality that determine the success of adaptation are revealed.
  Keywords: adaptation, adaptation potential, educational environment, socio-psychological adaptation, environment conditions.

• VALUE ORIENTATIONS IN THE GAMER SUBCULTURE
  Authors: A.V. Finagina
  Abstract: The results of the theoretical analysis of the concepts of value orientations and the concept of value in modern socioculture and psychology are presented. An empirical study of terminal and instrumental values common in the subculture of gamers, with their subsequent interpretation, is described. Possible reasons for people's immersion in virtual reality are indicated. The question of the possible formation of new ways to achieve priority values among gamers is raised.
  Keywords: values, value orientations, gamer subculture, virtual reality, concepts.

• ABOUT THE MAIN ASPECTS OF CHOOSING A BEHAVIOR STRATEGY WHEN FORMING A LEASING PORTFOLIO
  Authors: L.V. Azarova
  Abstract: The article examines the main strategies of the lessor's behavior in the formation of an optimal leasing portfolio. The analysis is carried out and a brief description of industry trends in the leasing services market is given. The problem of strategy development when making a forecast for the total portfolio of leasing services is substantiated, the requirements for justifying the choice of a behavior strategy based on a set of factors determining the balance of own working capital are formulated.
  Keywords: : leasing, forecast, leasing portfolio, lessee, lessor, behavior strategy, working capital.

• ON IMPROVING MONITORING OF WATER LEVELS IN WATER BODIES OF THE TVER REGION AND FORECASTING THEIR DYNAMICS DURING THE FLOOD PERIOD
  Authors: I.A. Lepekhin, N.I. Dalandutsky, M.Y. Demicheva
  Abstract: The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of monitoring, forecasting and modeling of the situation in water bodies of the Tver region, the quality of which depends on the timeliness of the notification of the population; implementation of preventive and engineering measures; the use of forces and means in response to the threat of flooding or elimination of the consequences of flooding. The specifics of forecasting the dynamics of water levels in water bodies of the region were determined in order to minimize the negative consequences of spring floods. Prospects for the development of this area are given, taking into account both geographical and climatic features, as well as modern achievements of science and technology.
  Keywords: water resources, monitoring, forecasting, remote sensing, water body, hydropost, weather station, flood, flood, population protection.

• MODERN STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF RETAIL TRADE IN THE TVER REGION
  Authors: A.O. Strelkova, E.V. Egorova
  Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the state and trends in the development of retail trade in the Tver region. A comparative assessment of retail trade turnover in the context of subjects of the Russian Federation was carried out. The forecast value of retail turnover is calculated based on the construction of the trend equation. The influence of trade on the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of the region is considered: the price index for goods, the growth rate of gross regional product. On the basis of the study, conclusions were drawn about the positive dynamics of the development of retail trade in the Tver region, as well as its impact on the economy of the region.
  Keywords: retail trade, retail turnover, retail turnover factors, retail turnover trends .

• WORLD PEAT MARKET: PEAT IMPORT TO RUSSIA (PART 3)
  Authors: T.B. Yakonovskaya
  Abstract: The article describes and analyzes the current situation with the import of peat from Russia to the world market for the period 2019–2021. The geography of import supplies of peat to the regions of the Russian Federation, the commodity structure of peat imports, its dynamics, cost and seasonality are assessed. The quality of import supplies of peat is analyzed, including during the period of restrictions on imports to Russia in 2022. It is shown that peat products imported into Russia belong to different groups according to the FEACN, which leads to confusion in the execution of customs documents and a decrease in the value of paid import duty. As a conclusion, recommendations are given for amending the legislation and the classification of the TN VED on peat and peat products.
  Keywords: peat, peat products, import, re-import, world market.

• WORLD PEAT MARKET: CORRELATION AND ELASTICITY FUEL PEAT PRICES (PART 4)
  Authors: T.B. Yakonovskaya
  Abstract: The article assesses the competitiveness of peat in the world market of interchangeable fuel and energy resources. Graphs are given that reflect the dynamics of fluctuations in the weighted average price for the main fuel and energy resources presented on the world market. Correlation and elasticity of weighted average prices for fuel and energy resources are carried out. As a conclusion, a hypothesis is put forward about the relationship between prices for resources in the fuel segment of the world market.
  Keywords: peat, fuel resources, weighted average prices, correlation, elasticity, world market, energy crisis, coal, oil, gas, fuel and energy segment, biofuels, liquid fuels, solid fuels, renewable energy sources, «carbon» tax, carbon neutral economy.