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THE VOICE OF THE OTHER AS A PROBLEM OF ALTRUISM
Authors: E.A. Evstifeeva
Abstract: This article examines the problem of altruism from the perspective of the voice of the Other. The central role of the Other points to human nature and the conditions of human society and consists in the constitution of social interaction. Only the context of the Other relevant to altruism is considered. It is demonstrated that the ontological status of altruism is contextually determined by the semantics of the Other. The article examines the Aristotelian paradigm of the Other, in which the Other is conceived through the prism of justice as a virtue and as a friend, which points to the foundation of human coexistence. The article interprets the good of the Other based on its objective and subjective elements. Reference is made to the author’s previous articles devoted to the issue of quality of life as measured by health indicators, in which the concept of “quality of life” serves as a marker of human well-being or prosperity. It takes into account the intersection and proportionality of the objective and subjective components of human well-being. Well-being is a sense of “satisfaction” with one’s health, which reflects individual expectations, value- and meaning-based orientations, and behavioral predispositions. An interpretation of altruism is presented from the perspective of an evolutionary-genetic analysis conducted by the distinguished Russian geneticist V.P. Efroimson, which spurred the study of altruistic attitudes in psychology. Drawing on the theory of natural selection, the geneticist demonstrates the natural origin of the benevolent inclination in humans in contrast to the theory of natural egoism. The relevance of the issue of altruism in contrast to egoism—interpreted as evil—is driven today by radical geopolitical changes in the world, the high risks of nuclear war, and the social selection of the global and European elite, motivated by absolute egoism.
Keywords: the voice of the Other, altruism, egoism, good, evil, the Other as justice and a friend, the good of the Other, objective and subjective elements of the good, evolutionary-genetic analysis of altruism.
POETIC TRANSFORMATION OF SOLOVYOV'S PHILOSOPHY IN THE LYRICS OF SERGEY YESENIN (BASED ON ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS)
Authors: O.A. Egorova
Abstract: Using lexical-semantic and comparative analysis, this article examines the poetic transformation of Vladimir Solovyov's philosophical ideas, particularly those concerning All-Unity and Sophia, in selected works by Sergei Yesenin. This comparative analysis revealed that the primary tropes representing Solovyov's philosophical ideas in Yesenin's poetics are anthropomorphic metaphors, epithets, and personification. Significant translation discrepancies were identified in the English-language correlates, resulting from gaps in the rendering of metaphors and epithets, which leads to the loss of the original's philosophical subtext in the translated versions.
Keywords: symbolism, personification, theurgy, transcendental principle, metaphor, peasant worldview.
EXISTENTIAL DEVIATION IN SOCIAL BEING:
THE UNITY OF SUICIDAL AND TERRORIST CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: L.V. Udalova
Abstract: The article focuses on the analysis of existential deviance as a type of deviant behavior that is rooted in the fundamental structures of human existence. The analysis of the causes reveals that suicidal and terrorist consciousnesses share a common understanding of death, the Other, and the meaning of life. The article emphasizes the existential-philosophical interpretation of the phenomena of suicide and terrorism. It is concluded that existential deviance is a form of radical response to the challenges of existence, in which the destruction of oneself and the Other becomes a way of finding meaning. Identifying risks and challenges will allow us to develop philosophical foundations for a preventive strategy that focuses not only on social control, but also on restoring the meaningful fullness of human existence.
Keywords: existential deviation, suicidal consciousness, terrorist consciousness, suicide, terrorism, social existence, meaning of life, human being, borderline situation.
THE ROLE OF MYTHOLOGY IN THE FORMATION
OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
Authors: A.E. Shabanova
Abstract: The article examines the role of myth as a tool for constructing national identity. The author proceeds from the understanding of myth not as a false statement, but as a semantic framework connecting a "suitable past" with a plausible future. Universal mechanisms of mythologization are identified: sacralization of space and time, personification of the nation, emotional contagion, legitimation of the present through the past, and mutation while preserving the semantic core. It is concluded that in the 21st century, national identity continues to be constructed according to the laws of myth.
Keywords: national identity, myth, identity construction, historical memory, imagined community.
STUDENT FAMILY VALUES AS SUBJECT OF SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: M.V. Blokhina, L.G. Grigoryev
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of family values among the university students. The factors influencing the formation of family values are examined. Students’ perceptions of various aspects of family life such as the distribution of roles within the family, child-rearing, and family traditions are revealed. The results of an applied sociological study conducted among the students of Tver State Technical University are analyzed.
Keywords: family, family values, family traditions, university students, sociological study.
PROFESSIONAL READINESS FOR EMPLOYMENT OF SOCIOLOGISTS-GRADUATES OF THE TVER REGION
Authors: A.V. Vaisburg
Abstract: The genesis of the concept of "professional readiness" is presented, approaches to its interpretation are described. The results of the study of professional readiness of sociologists-graduates of Tver are presented. The assessments of the level of theoretical and practical readiness, research experience, professional reading preferences, the use of digital resources and participation in professional events during training are investigated. The career paths of graduates have been determined.
Keywords: graduate sociologists, professional readiness, employment, higher education.
HISTORY OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF DOMESTIC ECONOMIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ECONOMY
Authors: V.V. Spasennikov
Abstract: This article reviews Russian research on the development of economic psychology (EP) and behavioral economics (BE) in the post-Soviet period. The review focuses on improving the understanding of the psychological aspects of economic phenomena and processes. It is shown that EP and BE, as scientific and academic disciplines, are related to economic decision-making at various levels of analysis in the labor market, capital market, and consumer market. The interaction between the main areas of EP and BE is presented, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of research into financial behavior, entrepreneurial activity, levels of consumer behavior, and the structural components of economic consciousness.
Keywords: behavioral economics, economic psychology, financial behavior, consumer behavior, entrepreneurial activity, economic consciousness.
A PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL OF TEACHER-STUDENT INTERACTION
IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE SPECIFICITY OF A UNIVERSITY TEACHER'S
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors: O.N. Torgovanova
Abstract: In recent years, the psychological aspects of teacher-student interaction in higher education have attracted increased attention fr om researchers. The relevance of this topic stems from the fact that modern universities are increasingly focusing on a student-centered approach, wh ere students act not as passive objects of pedagogical influence, but as equal participants in the educational process. Overall, the psychological model of teacher-student interaction is a complex system that includes various components: goals, participants, conditions, methods, forms of information transfer, and feedback. Moreover, the specific nature of a higher education teacher's professional work requires not only in-depth subject knowledge but also developed communication skills and the ability to understand the inner world of students. The aim of this work is to comprehensively analyze the psychological model of teacher-student interaction in a higher education institution. The work also identifies the specifics of a higher education teacher's professional activity and examines the psychological and pedagogical aspects of teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university.
Keywords: teacher-student interaction, discourse, foreign language, higher education, behavioral model, interaction, teaching, psychological mechanism.
PRACTICE AND PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING MUNICIPAL LAND CONTROL USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE KALININ MUNICIPAL DISTRICT
OF THE TVER REGION
Authors: A.V. Kireeva, I.A. Lepekhin, O.S. Lazarevа
Abstract: This article examines the specifics of implementing municipal land control at the municipal level. Based on an analysis of the practices of the Kalininsky Municipal District in the Tver Region, key challenges in implementing control measures in land use and development are identified. Particular attention is paid to information support, resource constraints, and the limited effectiveness of interagency cooperation. Conclusions are drawn regarding areas for improving the effectiveness of municipal land control.
Keywords: municipal land control, land legislation, land use, local governments, land violations.
PRIORITY AREAS OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE TVER REGION
Authors: N.Yu. Mutovkina
Abstract: In this article, the author highlights a key aspect of modern economic development: government support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A review of relevant information sources, including current legislation and official websites of government agencies, examines the main types of government support for SMEs in Russia and, in particular, in the Tver Region. A statistical analysis of the state of SMEs in Tver has been conducted, identifying trends and priority areas for government support. It has been established that targeted support for SMEs in those industries that are most promising and contribute to the region's development is most effective.
Keywords: small and medium businesses, SMEs, government support, statistical analysis, development, efficiency, trends.
REMOTE WORK: TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE HORIZONS
Authors: I.V. Skugareva, V.V. Sizova
Abstract: This article analyzes public domain sources reflecting the state-of-the-art of remote work in the in present-day conditions. Statistical indicators of the spread of remote work formats are reported and the dominant trends are described. Key challenges are identified and characterized, with possible solutions being suggested: ensuring data security, organizing employee interaction, maintaining motivation and productivity, and managing workflows in a remote employment environment. The hybrid work advantages are described.
Keywords: remote work, current trends, data security and privacy threats, communication effectiveness, employee motivation and productivity, workspace and time management, hybrid work.
ON THE ROLE OF BUSINESS ANALYTICS
IN THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A MODERN COMPANY
Authors: O.I. Tumanova
Abstract: In the context of digital transformation and the continuous complexity of business processes, strategic management of a modern company must rely primarily on high-quality analytical data. The use of business analytics capabilities to work with such data allows for the formation of an interconnected set of modern business management methods, within which advanced information technologies are applied, which in the aggregate allows to achieve maximum efficiency of business processes in the company.
Keywords: business analytics, strategic management, digitalization, company management.
SPECIFICITIES OF E-COMMERCE ON MARKETPLACES:
AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR MARKET PLAYERS
Authors: T.B. Yakonovskaya
Abstract: This article examines the specifics of trading on marketplaces. It highlights the distinctive features of e-commerce, as well as its pros and cons. It compares the economic characteristics of the main players in online trading, highlighting their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. It also describes an algorithm for users who decide to start trading on marketplaces.
Keywords: e-commerce, marketplace, online platform, online trading, online sales market, online store, seller, buyer.